Dynamo-telegraphy



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet l1.

s. D. FIELD.

DYNAMO TELEGRAPHY.`

10.282296 Patented Julysl. 18:83.

INVENTOHl Stephenl'ek,

(No-Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

s. D. FIELD. DYNAMO TELEGRAPHY.

No. 282,296.4 Patented July 31. 1883.`

`ratus of said instruments.

'UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

STEPHEN D. FIELD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE VESTERN f UNION 'TELEGRAPH COMPANY, OF SAME PLAGE.

DYNANio-TELEGRAPHY.

sPncrrrcArIoNfemnng part of Letters Patent Ne. 282,296, dated .my 31, 1883.

- A Y Application filed August 5,18552. Noniocleli) To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, STEPHEN D. FIELD, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement'relating to the Application of Dynamo-Electric Machines to PrintingTelegraph Instruments, of which the following is a specification. A

l The invention herein` set forth relates particularly to the application of a dynamo-electric machine to a printing-telegraph system, wherein are employed three main lines, two of which lines respectively embrace the magnetizing-coils ofthe electro-.magnets for actuating or controlling the letter and figure wheels of the receiving-instruments, while the third line embraces the magnetizing-coils ofthe electro-magnets for actuating the printingfappa- To this end I employ a dynamo-electric ma- ""chine, substantially such as is described and shown in CaseA, the application for 'which was executed of even date herewith, in which the armature is provided with a series of sec-.

tional coils wound upon a Gramme ring, or wholly upon the exterior surface of a cylindrical armature; placed a commutator consisting of a cylindrical series of metallic strips or pieces insulated from one another, and connected, respectively,A

to conductors joining adjacent coil-sections of the armature. In connection with the armature I employ two stationary commutatorbrushes, so arrangedthat their ends respectively form metallic connection with diametri-t cally-opposite commutator-strips, from which a continuous current of electricity of one polarity may be obtained, and which current, in all cases, is employed` upon completing the normally-open circuit, in which are placed the magnetizing-coils of the printing electro-magnets of the receiving -instruments In'the three-wire printing-instruments now commonly in use pulsations of electricity are sent over either one of the two type-wheel lines and the electro-magnetsthereon,which actuate corresponding type-wheels, and each pulsation serves to move said type-wheels a `distance equal to one letter-space upon establishing said pulsation, `and through a further distance of one letter-space upon the cessation of the same pulsation, thus `causing thetype- Upon the armature-shaft is printing one alternate series of characters when the drivingf or escapement armature of the type-Wheel magnet is attracted, and the typewheel is held in position for printing the other .alternate series of characters when the drivtion with the same commutator, I employ a single normally-rotating brush, which is rigidly connected with a 'driving-pinion, meshing with a spur-wheel, which is iiXed upon the shaft of the suniiower-armf Said pinion is frictionally mounted upon the armature-shaft of the dynamo-machine, and is ro- -tated thereby. .By means of suitable circuit- Abreakers, when it is desired to print a characcuit-breaker should be arrested in two different positions of rotation-that is, at a point when no current is derived from said rotating commutator-brush, and also at a point where the current derived from said brush is at or near a maximum. Suitable automatic stops are arranged in connection with the rotating brush in such a manner that it may be arrested at the points abreast of both of the' stationary commutator-brushes. The rotating brush is arrested in one position upon depressing any key of one alternate series, and the brush is arrested in its other position upon depressing any one ofthe other alternate series of transmitting-keys. When the single commutatorbrush is arrested abreast of that stationary `brush which is, connected directly to earth, as-

suming the two stationary brushes to be upon aline nearly at right angles to the line joining IOO e y eee the poles of the field-magnets of the dynamomachine, practically no current will be derived from said rotating brush; but as the rotating brush is rotated from abreast said stationary brush a current of electricity will be derived therefrom, which will increase in strength until the rotating brush reaches a point one hundred and eighty degrees distant from the 'first brush, or a point abreast of the second stationary brush, from which point of rotation the current derived from the rotating brush decreases and becomes zero upon a complete rotation o f the armature, and when the rotating brush is again abreast of the stationary commutator-brush7 which is connected directly with the earth at the transmitting station. The pulsations derived from the rotating commutator-brush by means of a proper switch, which is actuated by a iinger-key in a wellknown manner, are directed over either of the two main lines, in which are placed, respectively, the magnetizing -coils .of the figurewheel and letter-wheel electro-magnets of the receiving-instruments.

I will now explain my invention by reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 represents a diagrammatic view of a dynamo-machine and my transmitting apparatus. Figs. 2 and 3 represent different views of the two stationary commutator-brushes and the third revolving brush. Fig. 4 represents an armature of a dynamo-inachine substantially ofthe nature employed in carrying out my invention.

F and F/ represent the poles of the fieldmagnets of dynamo-electric machine B, having armature A and a shaft, D. Upon shaft D is mounted the commutator R, having as many metallic strips insulated from one an-- other as there are bobbin-sections upon armature A. The commutator-strips of R are connected, respectively, with the conductors A path of rotation of stop-arm c are situated armature-levers G and G of electro-magnets EM and E M when said armatures are in a retracted position 5 but said armature-levers G and G are so located that when either of them is attracted the stop-arm c and the brush d will yis arrested abreast of the brush x no section of the armature will be in that circuit leading from brush d-that is, through wire 4 and switch X to either figure or letter type-wheel wires. If brush d is arrested so that its contact-point rests abreast4 of or upon the same coinmutator-strip as brush'y, then all of the coil-sections of the armature will be in said circuit, and a pulsation of maximum strength will be directed from earth over wire 1, brush as, and through all of the coils of armature A, brush d, brush z, wire 4, switchX, and thence through the figure or type wheel wire.

a represents a brush for connecting wire 4with pinion a and the rotating commutator-brush d. X is a switch, vand m' n are switch-posts, connected with the respective wires 5 and 6, embracing the magnetizing-coils of the electromagnets, controlling or actuating the typewheels of the receiving -instruments For convenience of illustration, l have shown X simply as a hand-switch. However, in practice an automatic apparatus is employed which is well known in the art, and which requires no further explanation, than that it is actuated by special keys of the key-board of the transmittinginstrument whereby said switch may be thrown either upon switch-post m or n, according as it is desired to print figures or letters. When switch X is upon post m or n, and the normally-rotating commutator-brush d is in motion, pulsations of electricity will be generated and transmitted over line 5 or 6, thereby driving the type-wheels upon either line two steps for each rotation ofthe armatureshaft and for each pulsation sent to line 5 and it is to be observed that if the type-wheels were moved through only the space representing one character for each pulsation of electricity sent toV line it would not be necessary to employ arresting devices to lock the rotating i commutator-brush of the dynamo-machine in two different positions. lf the type-wheels were rotated only one step for each pulsation, it would only be necessary to have -a device for arresting the rotating commutator-brush once during each rotation, but as the type-wheels are moved one step during the increase in strength of current for each pulsation, and a IOO IIO

succeeding step during the decrease of current for the same pulsation, it is necessary that devices should be employed whereby the rotating commutor-brush may be arrested both upon each increase of current and upon each decrease in strength, to enable printing to be effected after each step movement of the typewheels. To this end devicesare employed to enable the arrest of the rotating brush d when it is in such position that amaximum strength of current may be derived therefrom, and also when it is in such a position of rotation that a minimum or zero strength of current may be obtained therefrom.

It should be observed that positive and negative pulsations of electricity are not obtained. From the rotating commutator-brush here employed pulsations of one polarity can be and are procured, which pulsations gradually rise in strength from a zero to amaximum, andreturn to a zero strength atv the end of a completerotation of the armature. For example,

when the rotating brush is upon the same side of the commutator as brush x, and assuming the contact-points of x and y to rest upon diametrically-opposite commutator-strips, which are in a line nearly at right angles to the line l joining the poles of the fixed magnets, no current will be sent over line 4 5 but when said i brush is rotated a current of increasing strength will be produced, which will rise to a maximum when the rotating brush comes inA contact with a commutator-strip diametrically opposite to that strip in contact with brush x, and upon a continued rotation the current will decrease until brush cl has made a complete rotation.

`C is a shaft, upon which is mounted a spurwheel, b, meshing with the driving-pinion a. i

The pinion a and spur-wheel b are so proportioned in size that for one rotation of the armature ofthe dynamo-electric machine the shaft C and sunower-arm J will be rotated over two sections of the sunfiower H;

The keys of thekey-board and the sections of the suniiower, respectively, are arranged in two alternate series, as shown in Fig. 1. The

f completed by way of Awire 11, point 10, wire 9,

electro-magnetA M, wire 8, battery L B, wire 7, shaft C. sunflower J, brush le, sections 31 or 33, wires 21 or 28, keys A or C, and anvils 17 or 19. Branch `14 is connected through the coils of the magnet E M, and the local circuit may be completed by way of wire 13, point 10, wire 9, magnet M, wire 8, battery L B, wire 7 shaft C,` sunflower J, brush 7c, sunflower-sections 32 or 34, wires 22 or 24, keys B or D, and anvils It will be observed from the foregoing arrangement that the brush d will be arrested abreast of the stationary brush y by means of electro-magnet E M, and that this electromagnet will attract its armature upon depressing any one of that alternate series of transmitting-keys to which A and C belong; also, the rotating commutator-brush cl will be arrested abreast of brush through the agency of electro-magnet E M and upon the depression of transmittingkeys B or D, or any key of the same alternate series. The circuit of battery L B is normally broken both through the sunflower and through the transmitting-keys, and is only completed upon depressing one of the transmitti11g-keys,Y and after the strip k is rotated into contact withthat sunfiower-section connected with the `key which is dcpressed. Y

M represents an electro-magnet which is in the branch S 9 of the local circuit, whieh,when completed, causes M to attract its armature N, thereby causingV the armature-lever? to complete the printing-wire circuit 3 through stop s, wire 2, stationary commutator-brushr, the armature stationary brush x, wire 1 to earth. Upon depressing any transmitting -key the electro-magnet M will close the printing-wire 8 to earth, and at the same time either electromagnet E M or E M will cause the rotating commutator-brush to be arrested, according as the anvil of the key depressed is connected with branch 12 or with branch 14. If a key is depressed whose anvil is connected with wire 14, a continuous current will be directed upon the printing-wire from stationary brush f1, and no current will be derived from brush cl and directed over wire 4 and switch X to a typewheel wire. If a key-is depressed whose anvil is connected with wire 12, however, a continuous current will be taken from stationary brush y over the printing-wire, and at the same time a continuous current will be derived from brush d, which will be directed over a figure or letter type-wheel wire.

From the foregoing description it is apparent that the type-wheels of the reeeiving-instrument are rotated in harmony with the rotating brush d, which is positively geared with spur-wheel b and the sun-Hower-arm, and that consequently each step or movement of the suniiower-arm must be accompanied by one step of rotation of the type-wheels upon the line, and that upon depressing a transmittingkey the sunflower-arm, when coming to the corresponding sunflower-strip, causes the arrest of the rotating commutator-brush, thereby locking the sunflower-arm against further movement, while at the same time the type-wheels upon the line are locked by a prolonged attraction or by a prolonged retraction of the armature of the type-wheel magnets.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, `is

1. The combination of adynamo-electric machine, means for deriving from said machine a `continuous current of electricity, means' for deriving `from said machine pulsations'of electricity, three telegraph-lines, one of which embraces the magnetizing-coils of the printing apparatus, while the other two embrace the magnetizing-coils of the type-wheel electro.- magnets of the receiving-instruments 2. In a printingtelegraph system whose type-wheels are moved Step by step by pulsations upon one or more telegraph-lines, and whose printing apparatus is actuated by continuous currents directed over an independent line, the combination of a dynamo-electric machine which is capable ofproducingboth pulsatory and continuous currents of electricity, a type-wheel line or lines, devices for establishing in the type-wheel line or lines from the dynamo-machine pulsatory currents, andl devices for establishing in the printing line or lines from said dynamo-machine continuous currents of electricity.

IOO

I IO

i as described, having stationary commutatorbrushes connected with the printing-wire, in combination with a normally-rotating commutator-brush connected with the type-wheel wire or wires, and arresting devices for locking said rotating commutator-brush against rotation.

5. A dynamo-electric machine substantially as described, having stationary commutatorbrushes connected with a normally-open printing-wire, in combination with a local circuit and an electro-magnetic switch, which, when closed, actuates said electro-magnetic switch to close said printing-wire- 6. The combination of arresting devices for locking the frictionally-mounted commutator brush against rotation and in two separate positions, electro-magnets Whose magnetizing' coils form parts of a local circuit, a series of transmitting-keys, a sunflower-arm, and means for driving said sun'lower-arm'by the rotation of the armature of the dynamo-electric machine.

7. The combination of a local circuit embracing the magnetiZing-coils of an electromagnetic switch for opening and closing the circuit of the printing-wire, electro-magnetic arresting devices for arresting the frictionallymounted and normally-rotating commutatorbrush, a series of transmitting-keys, a sunflower, and sunflower-arm, which is geared to the pinion of the rotating commutator-brush.

8. The combination of local battery L B and its circuit branches, a series of transmittingkeys, a suniow er arrangement, a circuit-closer for the printing-wire, electromagnetic stops for arresting the rotating commutator-brush, a rotating commutator brush frictionally mounted upon the shaft of the dynamo-electric machine, and suitable gearing whereby the sunower-arm and rotating commutator-brush have contemporaneous movements of rotation.

9. The combination, substantially as described, of an armature of a dynamo-electric machine whose bobbin-sections are electrically connected together by wlres joining adjacent bobbin-scctions, said series, respectively, be-

ing connected to insulated commutator-strips,

two stationary, commutator-brushes, and a rotatin g commutator-brush, and means for arresting said brush in the course of its rotation.

10. The combination of a cylindrical series of insulated commutator-strips and the armature of the dynamo-electric machine, substantially as specified, a rotating commutatorbrush, and two electromagnetic stop devices arranged to arrest said rotating commutatorbrush in two diametrically-opposite positions in the path of its rotation, and at points, respectively, where a maximum and minimum strength of current may be derived from said rotating commutator-brush.

11. The combination ofthe 'stationary com! mutator-brushes :v and y, a cylindrical series of commutator-strips R, the rotating commutator-brush d, rigidly connected with stop-arm c, and pinion a, said pinion being frictionally mounted upon the shaft D, and meshing with the spur-wheel b upon shaft C ofthe sunlowerarm J.

12. rIhe combination of the stationary commutator-brushes x and y, the rotating commutator-brush d, means for arresting the rotating commutator-brush, means for contemporaneously actuating and arresting the rotation of the sunflower-arm.

13. The combination of the stationary commutator-brushes x and i, the single rotating commutator-brush d, and a cylindrical series of commutator strips or pieces, R.

14. The rotating commutator-brush of a dynamo-electric machine, in combination with electromagnetic stop devices for arresting the same, and suitable transmitting devices whereby upon the transmission. of a signal the rotating commutator-brush is arrested.

Signed by me this Gth'day of July, 1882.

A STEPHEN D. FIELD.

fitnesscsz XVM. B. VANsrzE, NTM. ARNoUX. 

